As a general rule, the lighter colors will reflect more sunlight, so the home will remain cooler for longer. But there are some special roof types that are designed to reflect more sunlight, independently of the color. Let's review the different roof systems:
Composition Shingles Roof System
To review shingles, we are going to use Owens Corning (OC) as the reference. OC offers a variety of shingles. The most common ones are the Duration series. If you are choosing either Duration, Duration Premium, or Duration Max, the lighter the color, the better for cooling purposes. But OC also has a shingle spec named "Cool", which have solar reflective granules, which are more reflective than normal shingles. The "Cool" shingles come in light and dark colors. For example, an OC Duration Cool shingle is more reflective than a traditional OC Duration shingle. Read more in the links below:
Duration Series
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IB Roof System
The best membrane color to keep your home cool is white. It is available in all thicknesses (50mil, 60mil and 80mil). IB recently introduced 2 new colors, Cool Stone and Cool Sand, that are on the lighter side, but they are only available on 60mil.
Standing Seam Roof System
As mentioned earlier, the lighter colors will keep your home cooler.